Victory Day is a national holiday in Bangladesh celebrated annually on December 16. It commemorates the day in 1971 when the Pakistani Armed Forces surrendered to the joint forces of Bangladesh and India, officially ending the nine-month-long Bangladesh Liberation War and marking the independence of Bangladesh.
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History and Significance
The struggle for independence began after years of political and cultural suppression by West Pakistan, which governed geographically separate East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Tensions escalated after the Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a landslide victory in the 1970 general elections but was not allowed to form a government.
Declaration of Independence: On March 26, 1971, following the launch of "Operation Searchlight" by the Pakistan Army, the independence of Bangladesh was declared, initiating the Liberation War. This date is observed as the country's Independence Day.
The War: For nine months, the people of Bangladesh and freedom fighters (Mukti Bahini) engaged in a bloody war against the Pakistani military, resulting in the sacrifice of approximately three million lives and numerous human rights violations.
Victory: With significant military support from India, the joint forces defeated the Pakistani army. On December 16, 1971, General A. A. K. Niazi, commander of the Pakistani forces, signed the Instrument of Surrender in Dhaka, leading to the birth of the new state of Bangladesh. This event is also commemorated in India as Vijay Diwas.
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Observances and Celebrations
Victory Day is a public holiday in Bangladesh and is celebrated with national pride and solemn remembrance of the martyrs.
National Events: The day begins with a 31-gun salute. The President, Prime Minister, and people from all walks of life pay homage by placing wreaths at the National Martyrs' Memorial (Jatiyo Smriti Soudho) in Savar.
Parades and Displays: A large military parade is held at the National Parade Ground in Dhaka, featuring personnel from the Armed Forces, police, and other services. Special fly-past demonstrations and band shows also take place.
Cultural Programs: The streets and important buildings are decorated with national flags and lights. Special programs, patriotic songs, discussions, and film screenings about the Liberation War are broadcast on television and radio stations.
Community Activities: Special prayers are held in places of worship, and improved meals are served in hospitals, prisons, and orphanages across the country. Various political and socio-cultural organizations also hold events to mark the occasion
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